- vibration-a mechanical phenomenon whereby oscillations occur about an equilibrium point reciprocating, or other periodic motion of a rigid or elastic body or medium.
- wave-disturbance or oscillation that travels through matter/space, accompanied by a transfer of energy.
- wave period-the time required for one complete cycle of vibration to pass a given point. As the frequency of a wave increases, the period of the wave decrease.
- crests-the point on a wave with the maximum value or upward displacement within a cycle. A trough is the opposite of a crest, so the minimum or lowest point.
- troughs-the opposite of a crest, so the minimum or lowest point and the medium that exhibits the maximum amount of negative.
- amplitude- a periodic variable is a measure of its change over a single period. There are various definitions of amplitude, which are all functions of the magnitude of the difference between the variable's extreme values.
- wavelength-a sinusoidal wave is the spatial period of the wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats. UV rays is shorter than the violet end of the visible spectrum but longer than the X-ray.
- frequency-T=1/f the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. It is also referred to as temporal frequency, which emphasizes the contrast to spatial frequency and angular frequency.
- hertz- F = 4, M = 0 and F = 3, M = 0 also kHz (kilohertz, 103 Hz), MHz (megahertz, 106 Hz), GHz (gigahertz, 109 Hz) and THz (terahertz, 1012 Hz).
- transverse waves-wave is a moving wave that consists of oscillations occurring perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer.
- longitudinal waves-waves in which the displacement of the medium is in the same direction as, or the opposite direction to, the direction of travel of the wave also include sound waves (vibrations in pressure, particle displacement, and particle velocity propagated in an elastic medium) and seismic P-waves.
- Doppler Effect- is determine the relative speed of the target along the line of sight from the radar to the target and recognizable in the fact that the absorption lines are not always at the frequencies that are obtained from the spectrum of a stationary light source.
- blue shift- is any decrease in wavelength; the opposite effect is referred to as redshift. In visible light, this shifts the color from the red end of the spectrum to the blue end and decrease in wavelength (increase in frequency).
- shock wave- a type of propagating disturbance. Like an ordinary wave, it carries energy and can propagate through a medium (solid, liquid, gas or plasma).
- sonic boom-the sound associated with the shock waves created by an object traveling through the air faster than the speed of sound. Sonic booms generate enormous amounts of sound energy, sounding much like an explosion.